Temperature, humidity and light for four growing environments.
Kitchen garden
Warm, sun-filled days and cooler nights. Ideal for vegetables, culinary herbs and other sun-loving crops.
Botanical library
Consistently warm and humid, with lush foliage and filtered sunlight. Ideal for tropical and rainforest plants.
Botanical library
Hot, dry days and cooler nights. Ideal for cacti, succulents and desert-adapted plants.
Botanical library
Mild, humid conditions with cool nights and soft light. Ideal for ferns, orchids and moisture-loving plants.
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Indicative ranges. Final settings depend on the plants, season and site.
In addition to producing the environment we offer botanical curation and rare plant sourcing.
Tailored environments, for food, collections and living
01 / food and cultivation
Grow fresh vegetables, fruits and herbs.
A productive, climate-managed growing environment designed around fresh harvests throughout the year. Raised beds, accessible pathways and carefully controlled growing conditions support different crop families.
| Climate | What to grow |
|---|---|
| Mediterranean | Tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, eggplants, basil, rosemary |
| Cool temperate | Lettuce, spinach, kale, broccoli, peas, parsley |
| Tropical | Okra, sweet potatoes, ginger, turmeric, tropical greens |
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Solanum lycopersicum
Mediterranean
Fruiting crop. Cultivar, light and fruit load affect the preferred temperature.
Capsicum annuum
Mediterranean
Warm fruiting crop. Avoid prolonged hot nights.
Cucumis sativus
Mediterranean
Humid fruiting crop. Maintain airflow within the canopy.
Solanum melongena
Mediterranean
Heat-loving fruiting crop.
Ocimum basilicum
Mediterranean
Active leaf production. Protect from chilling.
Salvia rosmarinus
Mediterranean
Dry root zone between watering. Cooler winter conditions are seasonal.
Cucurbita pepo
Mediterranean
Allow adequate spacing and pollination.
Capsicum annuum
Mediterranean
Capsicum annuum target. Other chilli species can differ.
Lactuca sativa
Cool Temperate
Cool-season leaf production. Excess heat encourages bolting.
Spinacia oleracea
Cool Temperate
Cool-season crop. Day length also affects bolting.
Brassica oleracea (Acephala Group)
Cool Temperate
Growth targets are warmer than survival limits.
Brassica oleracea (Italica Group)
Cool Temperate
Heading response varies by cultivar. Avoid prolonged heat.
Pisum sativum
Cool Temperate
Cool-season growth and flowering.
Petroselinum crispum
Cool Temperate
Leaf production target. Bolting and season affect management.
Raphanus sativus (Radish Group)
Cool Temperate
Cool-season root production.
Daucus carota subsp. sativus
Cool Temperate
Root-zone temperature and soil structure also matter.
Abelmoschus esculentus
Tropical
Heat-loving crop. Provide strong light.
Ipomoea batatas
Tropical
Active growth and storage-root production.
Zingiber officinale
Tropical
Kew nursery conditions inform the target. Bright filtered light.
Curcuma longa
Tropical
Active growth. Reduce watering during natural dormancy.
Basella alba
Tropical
Warm-growing leafy vine, distinct from true spinach.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis
Tropical
Warm-climate bean. Provide a trellis.
Cymbopogon citratus
Tropical
Bright, warm position.
Amaranthus tricolor
Tropical
Edible leafy cultivars. Harvest young growth.
Fragaria × ananassa
Cool Temperate
Fruiting response depends on cultivar and day length.
Rubus idaeus
Cool Temperate
These are active-growth targets. Cultivar-specific winter chilling is separate.
Daucus carota subsp. sativus — mixed cultivars
Cool Temperate
A mixture of coloured cultivars, not one striped cultivar.
Raphanus sativus 'French Breakfast'
Cool Temperate
Red roots with white tips.
Musa (AAA Group) 'Dwarf Cavendish'
Tropical
Cultivar-specific exact optima are not established here. Allow enough headroom.
Musa (ABB Group) 'Blue Java'
Tropical
General banana production target. Blue Java is not a dwarf type.
Musa (AAA Group) 'Dwarf Red Dacca'
Tropical
General banana production target. Cultivar and growth stage can alter it.
Beta vulgaris 'Chioggia'
Cool Temperate
Candy-striped beetroot, distinct from radish.
Active-growth design ranges. Air VPD is calculated from temperature and humidity, assuming leaf temperature equals air temperature.
02 / living collections
Cultivate rare and collectible plants.
A dedicated environment for living collections, with distinct climate zones designed to support plants from tropical forests, misty highlands and arid landscapes.
| Climate | What to grow |
|---|---|
| Tropical | Anthuriums, philodendrons, monsteras, orchids |
| Cloud forest | Ferns, mosses, highland Nepenthes, miniature orchids |
| Arid | Cacti, succulents, agaves, caudiciforms |
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Anthurium clarinervium
Tropical
Humid air and an airy root zone.
Philodendron gloriosum
Tropical
Collector aroid target. Keep the creeping rhizome above the medium.
Monstera deliciosa
Tropical
Active foliage growth. Stronger light produces mature foliage.
Phalaenopsis amabilis
Tropical
Active growth. Spike initiation can need a cooler period.
Adiantum raddianum
Cloud Forest / warm edge
This species needs a warmer night pocket than cold highland plants.
Bryophyta (moss not identified)
Cloud Forest
Unidentified moss. Values are a concept-zone placeholder, not a species optimum.
Nepenthes ventricosa
Cloud Forest
Highland night cooling. Use low-mineral water.
Masdevallia spp. (cool-growing selections)
Cloud Forest
Genus-level cool-growing selection. Identify the species before final tuning.
Kroenleinia grusonii
Arid
Active-growth targets. A dry, cooler winter rest is a separate regime.
Echeveria elegans
Arid
Keep the medium freely draining and the crown dry.
Agave victoriae-reginae
Arid
Bright light and a dry, freely draining root zone.
Adenium obesum
Arid / warm
Keep warmer than many desert cacti. Dormant plants need less water.
Aerangis biloba
Tropical / intermediate
Night cooling and airflow support flowering.
Angraecum germinyanum
Cloud Forest
Cool-growing species. Humidity band is a design recommendation.
Ansellia africana
Tropical / seasonal
Bright, airy growth. A drier seasonal phase may support flowering.
Brassavola cucullata
Tropical / intermediate
Alliance-based target. Roots should dry between watering.
Cattleya walkeriana f. semi-alba
Tropical / intermediate
Aim for a meaningful day/night drop and a wet/dry root cycle.
Coelogyne cristata
Cloud Forest
Cool seasonal nights and a winter watering adjustment support flowering.
Macodes petola
Tropical / understory
Jewel orchid target for humid, shaded, airy terrestrial culture.
Maxillaria tenuifolia
Tropical / intermediate
Intermediate orchid synthesis. Bright filtered light and an airy root zone.
Paphiopedilum tonsum
Cloud Forest / intermediate
Moderate-humidity starting target. Species tuning and crown ventilation matter.
Papilionanthe teres f. alba
Tropical / bright
Warm terete-leaf vandaceous target. Strong light is essential.
Active-growth design ranges. Air VPD is calculated from temperature and humidity, assuming leaf temperature equals air temperature.
03 / people and plants
Live, relax and entertain amongst plants.
A comfortable conservatory for everyday living and entertaining, with planting selected for the available light and a shared human-friendly indoor climate.
Shared comfort climate23°C · 50–60% RHdesign target
| Light environment | What to grow |
|---|---|
| Bright indirect | Monsteras, philodendrons, ficus, palms |
| Full sun / shaded glazing | Strelitzias, ficus, citrus, architectural foliage |
| Semi-shaded | Ferns, peace lilies, calatheas, aspidistras |
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Plant-specific growing ranges are separate from the room comfort target above.
Monstera deliciosa
Tropical
Same plant-growth target as the Botanical Library illustration.
Philodendron hederaceum
Tropical
Plant preference. The shared room target can use the lower RH end.
Ficus elastica
Tropical / subtropical
Bright indirect light. Avoid sudden cold drafts.
Chamaedorea elegans
Tropical
Filtered light and moderate-to-humid air.
Strelitzia reginae
Mediterranean / subtropical
Very bright light and cooler seasonal nights favour flowering.
Ficus benjamina
Tropical / subtropical
Stable conditions. Acclimatise to strong sun.
Citrus × limon
Mediterranean
Fruiting needs high light and seasonal management.
Beaucarnea recurvata
Arid / subtropical
Dry the root zone between watering. Room humidity can be a compromise.
Nephrolepis exaltata
Tropical / shaded
Local humidity may need to exceed the shared room target.
Spathiphyllum wallisii
Tropical / shaded
Filtered light. Avoid waterlogging.
Goeppertia orbifolia
Tropical / shaded
Plant-preferred humidity. Consider a sheltered humid pocket.
Aspidistra elatior
Mild temperate / shaded
Tolerates cool conditions. Growth is slower at the lower end.
Active-growth design ranges. Air VPD is calculated from temperature and humidity, assuming leaf temperature equals air temperature.